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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1986-05-01 - City Commission Special Meeting Minutes11 5811 NORTHWEST 88TH AVENUE & TAMARAC, FLORIDA 33321 TELEPHONE (305) 722.5900 April 28, 1986 MAIL REPLY TO: P.O. BOX 25010 TAMARAC, FLORIDA 3332ckECORD OF COUNCIL DISCUSSIONnTSCUSSION AND ACTION NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING CITY COUNCIL TAMARAC, FLORIDA There will be a Special Meeting of the City Council on Thursday, May 1, 1986, at 8:00 A.M. in the Council Chambers Of City Hall, 5811 N.W. 88th Avenue, Tamarac, Florida. The subject of the meeting is to interview the applicants for the position of City Attorney. FINAL ACTION: Interviews were held with the following applicants for the position of City Attorney: A. Bryant Applegate - Coconut Creek Glenn L. Donenfeld - Lauderhill Jerome F. Skrandel - North Palm Beach Willard K. Splittstoesser - North Miami Saul Smolar -- Hollywood S Justin Findley - Boca Raton James Clodfelter of Deerfield Beach was unable to be present. The City Council may consider and act upon such other business as may come before it. The public is invited to attend. Carol E. Barbuto Assistant City Clerk Pursuant to Section 286.0105, Florida Statutes If a person decides to appeal any decision made by the ci Council with respect to any matter considered at such meefiiw c r hearing, he will need a record of the proceediFigs and for su+. purpose, he may need to ensure that a verbatim record incl,,d.;. the testimony and evidence upon which the appeal is to he b AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER POLICY OF NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAPPED STATUS CITY OF TAMARAC, FLORIDA SPECIAL CITY COUNCIL MEETING MAY 1, 1986 Tape CALL TO ORDER: Mayor Hart called the meeting to order at 8:00 A.M. 1 on Thursday, May 1, 1986 in the Council Chambers of City Hall. ROLL CALL PRESENT• ABSENT AND EXCUSED: ALSO PRESENT• Mayor Bernard Hart Vice Mayor Sydney M. Stein Councilman Arthur H. Gottesman Councilman Jack Stelzer Councilwoman Helen Massaro Larry Perretti, City Manager Tracy Smith, Secretary MEDITATION AND PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE: Mayor Hart called for a Moment of Silent Meditation followed by the Pledge of Allegiance. Mayor Hart said the purpose of the meeting was to interview candidates for the City Attorney position. nt A 1 to stated his address is 4103 W. Atlantic Boulevard, Coconut Creek, Florida. Larry Perretti, City Manager, asked Mr. Applegate what his understanding of the City Attorney's position for the City of Tamarac was and why he would be qualified for the position. Mr. Applegate replied he saw the position as two -fold. He said the City Attorney should represent the Council and answer any legal questions Council or staff may have. However, the City Attorney should not represent private individuals. Mr. Applegate reported he had been practicing law in Florida since 1982, he had worked for Broward County and is currently the Assistant City Attorney for the City of Pompano Beach. Since passing the Bar Exam he has worked soley in Government Law. He added his past legal experience has included personnel, zoning, labor and advising various City and County Boards. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Applegate the most important case involving municipal or governmental law in which he had participated. Mr. Applegate answered that a police officer had been terminated by the City of Pompano Beach in 1981 and filed a discrimination law suit (a Title Seven Action). He said the case was heard in Federal Court and involved extensive motion practice. The case was dismissed with prejudice making a new point of law concerning governmental discrimination law suits. Mr. Perretti questioned who Mr. Applegate viewed as his client, the City Council, the administration or the citizens of Tamarac. Mr. Perretti asked if these positions ever conflict and, if so, how would he resolve it. TS 5/l/86 1 Mr. Applegate responded that the true client is the City Council and the City Attorney should make himself available to answer any questions the Council might have at any time. He said that the City Attorney should also serve the administration which in turn serves the City Council. Ethically the City Attorney should not answer the questions of private citizens unless directed to do so by the City Council. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Applegate to discuss his philosophy about keeping City Officials apprised of the Sunshine Law and the Public Records Law. Mr. Applegate replied he would make himself available to advise the Council members and staff concerning these laws. He said that a constant review of these laws is necessary to ensure compliance with them. Mr. Perretti questioned the appropriate role of the City Attorney in collective bargaining. Mr. Applegate responded that the role of the City Attorney is to represent the City Council and not to take sides in collective bargaining. Mr. Ferretti asked what Mr. Applegate's position was regarding the hiring of outside legal counsel for litigation. Mr. Applegate replied that outside legal counsel should only be used if there is a suit against the City on a point of law which is very technical and perhaps not within the area of the City Attorney's expertise or if the case load is too heavy. The ultimate decision should be made by the City Attorney. Mr. Perretti inquired if there was anything in Mr. Applegate's personal or professional life which, if revealed later, might embarass the City. Mr. Applegate answered no. Mr. Perretti asked if Mr. Applegate was faced with a situation with himself as City Attorney where he knew that a majority of the Council strongly desired a certain action be taken but upon his review there were serious doubts as to the legality of it, what would he do. Mr. Applegate stated this situation does arise and the City Attorney should advise the Council as to the likelihood of success of a case based on its merits. Mr. Perretti queried what would happen if Mr. Applegate accidentally discovered that two of the Council members may have violated the Sunshine law on a matter relating to a City Council agenda item during the lunch recess just prior to this item coming up for a final vote. Mr. Applegate stated that he would advise the Council members that if action was taken on the item they had discussed there could be a serious violation of the Sunshine law and if this was discovered it could lead to a serious reprimand from the State Attorney. Mr. Applegate said that City Attorney's role in this situation is to advise the members to abstain from discussing the item. TS 5/l/86 Mr. Perretti asked what salary Mr. Applegate expected if hired as City Attorney. Mr. Applegate replied $ 50,000 for a base salary adding that his current salary in Pompano Beach was $ 40,000 and he was due for an increase. Mr. Perretti asked if hired how much notice the City of Pompano Beach would require. Mr. Applegate stated two to three weeks would be reasonable. Mayor Hart asked who handled drawing up ordinances and resolutions. Mr. Applegate answered either he or the City Attorney did this. Mayor Hart inquired if Mr. Applegate was familiar with the South Florida Building Code. Mr. Applegate replied he was and that Pompano Beach has an Unsafe Structures Board and he reviewed the Code as well as worked with the Building Officials. Mayor Hart questioned the approximate budget and population of Pompano Beach. Mr. Applegate said the population was 70,000 in the Winter, but did not have the budget figures. Mayor Hart asked Mr. Applegate's experience in Code Enforcement. Mr. Applegate said he advised the Code Enforcement Board and their meetings were once a month with approximately eighty items. He was in Circuit Court often enforcing the orders of this Board. Mayor Hart stated that Tamarac would be establishing a Code Enforcement Board and inquired if the Pompano Board had been a financial burden on the City. Mr. Applegate responded that if a resident does not comply with code a lien is placed on their property and recorded; the City can foreclose six months after the lien is recorded. Mr. Applegate said that when the City starts foreclosure procedures residents are anxious to correct the problem and compliance with code is ultimately achieved. Mr. Applegate said the only costs were notices sent to the violators and staff costs. V/M Stein questioned if Mr. Applegate thought a single City Attorney could handle the case load of a city the size of Tamarac (35,000). Mr. Applegate said he thought one Attorney could handle the work but that if hired he would be in a better position to answer that question in a year. C/M Stelzer asked if Mr. Applegate was a trial lawyer. Mr. Applegate said he was and that he was one case away from obtaining his Federal Trial Certificate. Mayor Hart stated that there was an ordinance the City had passed establishing a Law Advisory Committee. The function of the Committee would be to assist the City Attorney in drafting ordinances and would consist of retired lawyers. The Mayor asked if Mr. Applegate thought such a committee would be helpful. Mr. Applegate said that if it was purely advisory he would welcome such a committee. The interview with Mr. Applegate concluded. _ Mr. Glenn L. Donnenfeld said his address was 3521 Inverrary Drive, Lauderhill, Florida. TS 5/l/86 3 v Mr. Perretti questioned Mr. Donnenfeld's conception of the position of City Attorney of Tamarac and asked why he felt he would be qualified for it. Mr. Donnenfeld responded the role of the City Attorney was to act as general counsel for the City in all types of matters. Mr. Donnenfeld said he had extensive experience in planning and zoning. Mr. Perretti queried the most important project regarding municipal law in which he had participated. Mr. Donnenfeld said he assisted in rewriting a Palm Beach Zoning Code in which he worked as special consultant to the City of West Palm Beach and had also worked as the Zoning Director for the City of Hallandale. Mr. Perretti asked who was viewed as the client, the City Council, the Administration or the citizens of Tamarac; do these positions ever conflict and, if so, how would you resolve it. Mr. Donnenfeld replied the City Attorney is the legal advisor to the City Council. He said that if there was a conflict, at times, outside counsel should be brought in. Mr. Perretti inquired what Mr. Donnenfeld's philosophy was in keeping City Officials apprised of the Sunshine Law and Public Records Law. Mr. Donnenfeld stated he felt that the public has the right to be informed and that he has always been forthright. Mr. Perretti asked what the appropriate role of the City Attorney is in collective bargaining. Mr. Donnenfeld said the goal in collective bargaining is to protect the interest of the Council and the City Administration as well as act as a mediator. Mr. Perretti asked him to discuss the philosophy of hiring outside counsel for litigation. Mr. Donnenfeld replied if he was not expert in a given area and felt he would not be serving the best interest of the City, outside counsel should be brought in. Mr. Perretti questioned Mr. Donnenfeld's weakest area in law. Mr. Donnenfeld said it was litigation. Mr. Perretti asked if there was anything in his personal or professional life which, if revealed later, may embarrass the City. Mr. Donnenfeld answered no. Mr. Perretti asked what action should be taken if faced with a situation where it was known that a majority of the Council desired a certain action be taken and as City Attorney there were serious doubts as to its legality. Mr. Donnenfeld answered he would advise the Council but that the decision is the Councils. Mr. Perretti asked what would happen if it was accidentally discovered that two of the Council members may have violated the Sunshine Law in a matter relating to a City Council agenda item during the lunch recess just prior to the item coming before Council. Mr. Donnefeld said he would discuss it with them individually then get the other Council members' opinions. TS 5/l/86 4 Mr. Donnenfeld stated he was single and that he was aware of the amount of work involved in the City Attorney's position. Mr. Ferretti asked if hired, what salary was expected and what date he would be available. Mr. Donnenfeld said $ 35,000 annually and that he could be available in two weeks. Mr. Donnenfeld said that there was a correction to his resume because he had left the employment of Broward County two months ago to work in private practice. The interview with Mr. Donnenfeld concluded. Mr. Jams C1 df lter was unable to attend due to a death in his immediate family. Tape Mr. Jerome F. Skrandel said his is address 804 Buttonwood Road, 2 North Palm Beach, Florida. Mr. Perretti inquired his understanding of the position of City Attorney and why Mr. Skrandel felt he was qualified. Mr. Skrandel said the Attorney should act as legal advisor to the City Council and Administration. Mr. Ferretti asked Mr. Skrandel to explain his previous work experience. Mr. Skrandel answered he had been involved in municipal law work since 1970, and had worked as City Attorney for five years for the City of Boca Raton. He added that he established a private practice in April, 1975, he had also represented the towns of Briny Breezes and Jupiter. Mr. Perretti questioned if he was on a retainer with the towns of -- Briny Breezes and Jupiter. Mr. Skrandel replied he had an open retainer with Briny Breezes and a formal contract with Jupiter. Mr. Perretti asked the most important case regarding governmental or municipal law in which Mr. Skrandel had been involved. Mr. Skrandel said that a 40,000 cap limitation was adopted in the City of Boca Raton which resulted in litigation. He said that he worked with an outside counsel and that the case suggests the public can attempt to make changes in government. Mr. Perretti asked who was viewed as the client the City Council, the Administration or the citizens of Tamarac; do these positions conflict and, if so, what would be done to resolve the conflict. Mr. Skrandel replied that the City Attorney is directly responsible to the City Council. He said it was also important to answer questions that department heads may have to assist the City Manager and conflicts should be resolved on the basis of what the Council wants. Mr. Perretti asked him to discuss the philosophy of keeping City Officials apprised of the Sunshine Law and Public Records Law. Mr. Skrandel answered that newly elected officials sometimes can violate the Sunshine Law and they should be advised when this occurs. Mr. Skrandel said it is important as the City Attorney to be available for questions regarding these laws. TS 5/l/86 Mr. Perretti asked the role of the City Attorney in collective bargaining. Mr. Skrandel said the policy should be determined by the City Council and City Manager and that he had been involved in collective bargaining previously. Mr. Perretti asked the applicant's policy on hiring outside counsel for litigation. Mr. Skrandel said sometimes it is advisable if the area of law was very technical or if the City Attorney was overloaded with cases. Mr. Perretti inquired Mr. Skrandel's strongest and weakest areas of law. Mr. Skrandel said his strongest asset was his experience in municipal law and city government. Mr. Skrandel said his weakest point would be the fact that he is human. Mr. Perretti questioned if there was anything in his personal or professional life which, if revealed at a later date, would embarrass the City. Mr. Skrandel replied no. Mr. Perretti asked what action Mr. Skrandel would take if he knew that a majority of the Council desired a certain action be taken but that his legal evaluation revealed certain doubts as to its legality. The applicant responded said he would speak to the members individually if advisable or to the group giving a recommendation as to what should be done, with the decision being the Councils. Mr. Perretti questioned what action should be taken if it was discovered that two of the Council members may have violated the Sunshine Law on a matter relating to a City Council agenda item during a lunch recess just prior to this coming before the Council for a final vote. Mr. Skrandel said he would explain to the members how they had come very close to violating the law. He said he would try to "gloss" over the violation. Mr. Perretti asked what the minimum salary requirement would be if hired as City Attorney and when could he be available. Mr. Skrandel replied $ 50,000 to $ 60,000 and thirty days to complete unfinished business. Mr. Skrandel added that after the thirty days he may need to wrap up additional work. Mayor Hart asked what amount of time had been spent as Assistant City Attorney and City Attorney in his five year tenure with the City of Boca Raton. Mr. Skrandel answered he was the Assistant City Attorney for six to nine months and was City Attorney for the remainder of the time. Mayor Hart questioned why after nine years of private practice he wanted to return to practicing government law. Mr. Skrandel said that expenses were increasing to maintain a private practice. Mr. Skrandel said focusing on municipal law only he felt was favorable C/M Stelzer asked if he would be relocating if hired. Mr. Skrandel said he would relocate. C/M Gottesman asked the ages of his four children. Mr. Skrandel stated their ages ranged from twenty three to sixteen. TS 5/l/86 6 Tape The interview concluded. 3 _Mr. William Splitstoesser said his address is 1690 N.E. 144 Street, Miami, Florida. Mr. Perretti asked his understanding of the position of City Attorney for Tamarac and asked why he thought he was qualified. Mr. Spiltstoesser replied the City Attorney is the Legal Advisor to the City Council. He cited his experience in municipal law and said he found this area of law the most rewarding. Mr. Perretti asked for a background summary. Mr. Split- stoesser said he was bailiff to the Chief Judge in the Eleventh Judicial Circuit, Assistant City Attorney and City Attorney for the City of North Miami, maintained a private practice for one year, was City Attorney for Miami Beach, and handled all civil law matters for the State Attorney's office for two and a half years. Mr. Perretti questioned the most important case regarding governmental or municipal law in which Mr. Splitstoesser had participated. Mr. Splitstoesser said he had vast experience in upholding zoning laws when challenged. That he had defended the City of Miami's landfill project, defending the permits before the Department of Environmental Regulation and Environmental Protection Agency. Simultaneously he handled a suit against the City of Miami by Dade County. Mr. Splitstoesser said he was successful in defending the project. Mr. Perretti asked who was viewed as the client, the City Council, the Administration or the residents of Tamarac and if these positions ever conflict how would it be resolved. Mr. Splitstoesser said the City Attorney should have the best interests of the City Council as well as the residents. If there is a conflict the parties should meet and if it cannot be resolved, outside counsel may be the best solution. Mr. Perretti asked him to discuss the philosophy of keeping City Officials advised of the Sunshine law and Public Records Law. Mr. Splitstoesser responded that sometimes the laws can be over zealously pursued. He said all discussions should take place on the record. Mr. Perretti asked the role of the City Attorney in Collective Bargaining. The candidate replied the City Attorney can be effective in collective bargaining as an advisor and also as part of the bargaining team. Mr. Perretti asked him to discuss the philosophy of hiring outside counsel for litigation. Mr. Splitstoesser said he does not believe in outside counsel unless absolutely necessary and that if brought in he would work with them. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Splitstoesser's strongest and weakest points concerning law. Mr. Splitstoesser answered his strongest suit was planning and zoning. He said the weakest were the areas of finance and tax. TS 5/l/86 Mr. Perretti inquired if there was anything in Mr. Splitstoesser's personal or professional background which if discovered later, might embarrass the City. Mr. Splitstoesser said no. Mr. Perretti asked what action should be taken if the City Attorney knew that a majority of the Council desired a certain action to be taken but there were serious doubts as to its legality. Mr. Splitstoesser answered he would advise the Council that they could not legally accomplish their goal. Mr. Perretti asked what would happen if it was discovered that two of the Council members may have accidentally violated the Sunshine Law relating to an item on the City Council Agenda during a lunch recess just prior to the item coming up for a final vote. Mr. Splitstoesser said he would advise them to reveal the discussions publicly. Mr. Perretti questioned what minimum salary was expected if hired as City Attorney and when could he be available. Mr. Splitstoesser answered $ 42,500 and he could be available in two weeks. C/M Stelzer asked the population of North Miami. Mr. Splitstoesser said it was 45,000. C/M Gottesman asked if Mr. Splitstoesser was married. Mr. Splitstoesser replied no. V/M Stein said that Tamarac has 35,000 residents; did Mr. Splitstoesser think that one City Attorney could handle the case load. Mr. Splitstoesser answered that if assistance was needed, interns from Nova University could be used. The interview concluded. Mr_._ . _Saul Smlar said his address was 2843 Filmore Street, Hollywood, Florida. Mr. Perretti asked his understanding of the City Attorney's position of Tamarac and why he was qualified. Mr. Smolar stated that the City Attorney works under the directive of the City Council and his experience as Assistant City Attorney for the City of Hollywood for three years and his experience as a law clerk for the City of Miami Beach qualified him for the position. Mr. Perretti inquired of Mr. Smolar's legal experience prior to employment with Miami Beach. Mr. Smolar stated that he had clerked for several private attorneys and municipal offices prior. Mr. Perretti asked the number of the present staff at the City of Hollywood. Mr. Smolar said there was a City Attorney, a Deputy City Attorney and three Assistant City Attorneys. Mr. Perretti asked if the Assistant City Attorneys each handled specific tasks. Mr. Smolar answered their tasks varied, each handling a broad spectrum. Mr. Perretti asked if Mr. Smolar had a specialty. The applicant responded his specialty was zoning. TS 5/l/86 Mr. Perretti asked the most important case regarding municipal law in which Mr. Smolar had been involved. Mr. Smolar said that the cities in Broward County previously had trouble in enforcing a smoke detector law and failure to comply in Hollywood had resulted in a death. He said the case was heard by the Florida Supreme Court and the City of Hollywood prevailed. Mr. Perretti questioned who was viewed as the client, the City Council, the Administration or the City of Tamarac and if these positions conflict, how could it be resolved. Mr. Smolar said the client is the City Council. Mr. Perretti asked him to discuss the philosophy regarding the Sunshine Law and Public Records Law. Mr. Smolar replied that if a question arises he would give advice. Mr. Perretti asked the role of the City Attorney is in Collective Bargaining. Mr. Smolar stated the City Attorney should act in an advisory position to the City Council. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Smolar's philosophy regarding the hiring of outside counsel for litigation. Mr. Smolar said that since the City Attorney for Tamarac was the sole attorney, he foresaw a need for assistance from outside counsel. Mr. Perretti asked if there was anything in Mr. Smolar's personal or professional life which, if revealed later, may embarrass the City. Mr. Smolar answered no. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Smolar's strong and weak suits in law. Mr. Smolar said his strongest suit is municipal law and his weakest is criminal law. Mr. Perretti asked if he was a trial attorney. Mr. Smolar answered he did participate in litigation for the City of Hollywood but that he was not in court every day. Mr. Perretti questioned if faced with a situation as City Attorney in which it was known that a majority of the Council desired a certain action be taken and upon review it is determined there were serious doubts as to its legality, how would Mr. Smolar react. Mr. Smolar replied that the members should be advised of the problem individually. Mr. Perretti asked what would happen if it was accidentally discovered that two of the Council members may have violated the Sunshine Law on a matter relating to a City Council agenda item just prior to the item coming up for a final vote. Mr. Smolar said no action should be taken. Mr. Perretti asked if hired what would the salary requirements be and when he could be available. Mr. Smolar said $ 50,000 and he could be available in two to three weeks. The interview concluded. Mr. Justin Findley_ stated his address is P.O. Box 523, Boca Raton, Florida. TS 5/l/86 9 �F' Mr. Perretti asked the candidate's understanding of the City Attorney's position in Tamarac and why he thought he was qualified. Mr. Findley said the City Attorney should advise the Council and City Manager regarding legal matters. His prior qualifications included being a Staff Judge Advocate in the military which is very similar to being a City Attorney and he also had run for public office on two occasions. Mr. Perretti asked the most important case in municipal law in which Mr. Findley had been involved. Mr. Findley said he had been involved in the Agent Orange case and had researched the facts for the case. Mr. Perretti asked who was viewed as the client, the City Council, the Administration or the citizens of Tamarac and if these positions ever conflicted how could this be resolved. Mr. Findley said the City Attorney represents the City Council who is the choice of the people. The City Attorney should not directly represent the residents of the City. Mr. Perretti questioned Mr. Findley's philosophy in keeping City Officials advised of the Sunshine Law and Public Records Law. Mr. Findley stated the Sunshine Law is good law and that business should be conducted openly. Mr. Perretti asked the appropriate role of the City Attorney in collective bargaining. Mr. Findley responded the City Attorney should be fair with respect to all parties involved and the law should be the guide. Mr. Perretti asked Mr. Findley's philosophy in hiring outside counsel for litigation. Mr. Findley said that the City Attorney can handle lawsuits within the City but if the suits are in another county or part of the state it is advisable to have outside counsel with expertise in that particular area. He said if outside counsel is hired the City Attorney should participate in the case also. Mr. Findley said there is a company in Charlottesville, Virginia which employs attorneys that are members of the Florida Bar and for a set fee they will assist in the trial work for a case. He said paralegals were another alternative. Mr. Perretti inquired if there was anything in Mr. Findley's personal or professional background which, if revealed later, might embarrass the City. Mr. Findley said no. Mr. Perretti asked what would happen if a majority of the Council wanted a certain action taken and Mr. Findley asMrit Attorney knew there were serious doubt as to its legality. Y said he would adhere to his doubts. Mr. Perretti asked what action should be taken if it was accidentally discovered that two of the Council members may have violated the Sunshine Law regarding an item on the City Council agenda during a lunch recess just prior to this item coming up for a final vote. The candidate replied he would advise them to correct the situation. TS 5/l/86 10 Mr. Perretti questioned Mr. Findley's strongest and weakest points of law. Mr. Findley said his strongest points included a broad educational background, his ability as a trial lawyer, and his vast work experience in the legal field. He said his weakest point is that in an effort to obtain all the facts relating to an item he can become too detail oriented. Mr. Perretti asked what the minimum salary requirement would be and when could Mr. Findley be available. Mr. Findley said he would require $ 45,000 - $ 55,000 per year and he could be available in two weeks to a month. C/M Stelzer asked Mr. Findley's age and marital status. Mr. Findley said he was forty seven and was divorced. C/M Stelzer asked his home address. He said his address was 2519 Sweetwater Lane, Boca Raton, Florida. The interview concluded. Frank Etheredge, Finance Director, distributed a list of the operating expenses for the City Attorney's office at the request of V/M Stein. A discussion ensued between the Council members, Mr. Perretti and Mr. Etheredge regarding legal expenses. With no further business the Mayor adjourned the meeting at 11:30 A.M. I RAW- 2 9..wtm.im ATTEST: IP CITY CLARK This public document was promulgated at a cost of $ 122.90 or $3.83 per copy to inform the general public and public officers and employees about recent opinion and considerations by the City Council of the City of Tamarac. CITY OF TAMARAC ARP OVED AT MEETING OF Cityi erk TS 5/1/86 -11- /